The 16 Great Turkish Empires

The "GREAT HUN EMPIRE" - 204 B.C - 216 A.D

The "WESTERN HUN EMPIRE" - 48 - 216 A.D
(Batı Hun İmparatorluğu)

Founder - Panu
Additional information:
The Empire of Western (Hiung-Nu) Huns lasted from 48 to 304 AD. The ruler had the title of Shan-Yu. This state was under Chinese overlordship. One of the leaders founded the short-lived Earlier Chao state, one of the 16 kingdoms, in Shansi (304-329).
Flag: The alleged flag of the Western Hun Empire is a plain yellow-orange flag.
Area: The area over present Central Asia

The "EUROPEAN HUN EMPIRE" - 275 - 454 A.D
(Avrupa Hun İmparatorluğu)

Founder - Muncuk, Oktar, Rua & Aybars (brothers)
Additional information:
This is Attila the Hun's Empire, which caused the Great Migration in Europe and ended with Attila's death in 453 AD.
Flag: The alleged flag of the European Hun Empire is white with a yellow crowned bird with spread wings.
Area: Southern Russia, Romania, Northern Yugoslavia, Hungary, Austria, Chekoslovakia, Southern & Central Germany; The area from eastern France to the Ural mountains; from northern Hungary to the Byzantine Empire;
(Total Area - 4,000,000 Km²)

The "WHITE HUN EMPIRE" - 420 - 552 A.D
(Ak Hun İmparatorluğu)

Founder - Aksuvar (Aksungur)
Additional information:
The White Huns (a.k.a. Hephthalites, Ephthalites, Hayathelites, Ye-tai, Huna), originating from the Altai Mountains, occupied in the Vth century AD Western Turkestan and disappeared in the second half of the VIIth century.
Flag: The alleged flag of the White Huns is white with three yellow stars placed vertically in upper hoist.
Area: Half of northern India, Afghanistan, parts of Turkistan
(Total Area - 3,500,000 Km²)

The "GOKTURK EMPIRE" - 552 - 743 A.D
(Göktürk İmparatorluğu)

Founder - Bumin Khan (Tumen)
Additional information:
The Blue Turks overthrew the Juan-Juan masters of Mongolia in the VIth century AD and established a vast Empire spreading across both eastern and western steppelands to the Volga and beyond. Almost immediately this state split into western and eastern Khanates. They were finally defeated by the Uighurs in 745. This is the first documented Turk state. The Buddhist monk Xuan Zang met its ruler galopping in the steppes in the vicinity of Tashkent in 685.
Flag: The alleged flag of the Göktürk Empire is blue with a green wolf's head.
Area: The inacessible valleys of the Altay Mountains (Ergenikon)
(Total Area - 18,000,000 Km²)

The "AVAR EMPIRE" - 562 - 796 A.D
(Avar İmparatorluğu)

Founder - Bayar Khan
Additional information
Avars were a nomadic Turkish or Mongol people which, in the late VIth century AD invaded the plain of Hungary and set up a powerful kingdom, even besieging Constantinople. They declined in the VIIIth century, until defeated by Charlemagne at the end of the VIIIth century.
Flag: The alleged flag of the Avar Empire is green with a black rider shooting backwards with a bow.
Area: The area between the Volga, Hungary and Bessarabia

The "HAZAR EMPIRE" - 602 - 1016 A.D
(Hazar İmparatorluğu)

Founder - There are no historical data as to the original founder, however, its greatest ruler was Hakan Yusuf.
Additional information:
The Hazars or Khazars were a nomadic people who set up an extensive state in the steppelands east and west of the lower Volga in the VIth century AD. They were converted to Judaism around 800 (that is, they chose this religion in preference to Islam and Christianity). In the later Xth century the rulers of Kiev broke their power. Some writers such as Arthur Koestler have claimed that the majority of the European or European-descended Ashkenazic community of today are not really Semites but are actually the descendants of these Hazars. They allegedly traveled westwards into Eastern Europe when the other Turkic peoples embraced Islam.
The Hazara of Afghanistan are an ethnic group which has been around for ages but which have only recently developed a sense of ethnic identity. There is no relation whatsoever to the medieval Hazars or Khazars.
Flag: The alleged flag of the Hazar Empire is blue with an unidentified white device in canton and five white stars arranged in a > pattern.
Area: The Hazars who are believed to be an offshoot of the Gokturks migrated to the West and formed a state stretching from the Caucasian Mntns to the Danube and to the middle of and Southern Russia.

The "UYGUR EMPIRE" - 740 - 1335 A.D
(Uygur Devleti)

Founder - Kutlug Bilgekul Khan
Additional information:
This state was related to the Uyghurs/Uighurs, the Turkic people over near where the Turks originated, in the VIIIth-IXth century in Sinkiang, Western China.
Flag: The alleged flag of the Uygur state is yellow-orange with two yellow masks (?).
Area: Central Asia and Northern Mongolia.

The "KARAHAN" - 932 - 1212 A.D
(Karahanlılar)

Founder - Saltuk Bugra Han
Additional information:
This was an Empire north of the Ghaznevid Empire, founded by a family of Karluk Turkish descent, which ruled in the X-XIIth centuries, with capitals in Bukhara and Kashgar (Balasaghun).
Flag: The alleged flag of to the Karahan is yellow-orange with an unindentified white device.
Area: All the Trans-Oxus area including the area between the Issyk and Balkash Lakes

The "GAZNELI EMPIRE" - 962 - 1183 A.D
(Gazneliler)

Founder - Alptekin
Additional information:
The Empire of the Ghaznavids, founded by Mahmud of Ghazni (ruled 998-1030), had its center in Ghazni, Afghanistan.
Flag: The flag attributed to the Gazneli is green with a grey crescent in canton and a peacock.
Area: The area from the Trans-Oxus to the Ganges River, and from the shores of the Caspian to the steppes of the Pamir.
(Total Area - 4,700,000 Km²)

The "SELCUK EMPIRE" - 1040 - 1157 A.D
(Büyük Selçuk İmparatorluğu)

Founder - Selçuk Khan
Additional information:
This refers to the Seljuk Turks, a Muslim dynasty established in what is now eastern Turkey after about 1065 AD.
Flag: The alleged flag of the Great Seljuk Empire is blue with a white winged and double-headed silhouette and a black bow and arrow.
Area: At the East, Balkash and Issyk Lakes and the Tarim Derya; At the West, Aegean and the Mediterranean shores; At the North, Aral Lake, Caspian Sea, Caucasian and the Black Sea; At the South, the area including Arabia and the sea Omman.
(Total Area - 10,000,000 Km²)

The "HARZEMSHAH" - 1077 - 1231 A.D
(Harzemşahlar)

Founder - Kudrettin Mehmet (Harzemshah)
Additional information:
Khwarizm Shah was the region around Khiva, near Lake Aral. This area is related to the Anushtiginid dynasty, which ruled nearly all of Central Asia till India from 1097-1231, when they were crushed by Genghis Khan.
Flag: The alleged flag of the Harzemshah is a plain black flag.
Area: Persia, Southern Caucasia, Dagistan, Afghanistan and most of Central Asia.
(Total Area - 5,000,000 Km²)

The "GOLDEN HORDE" - 1224 - 1502 A.D
(Altınordu Devleti)

Founder - Batur Khan
Additional information:
The Golden Horde, the Mongol Khanate in Russia, was established in the mid-XIIIth century and lasted till the XVth century.
Flag: The alleged flag of the Golden Horde is white with a red crescent pointing upwards, placed above a grey disk charged with a black symbol.
Area: Eastern Europe, the Western Ural Area, the Crimea and the area to the north of the Volga.

The "EMPIRE OF TIMUR KHAN" - 1369 - 1501 A.D
(Büyük Timur İmparatorluğu)

Founder - Timur Gurgani
Additional information:
Timurids: Barlas Turkish family founded by Timur (Tamerlane), who rose to power in the mid-XIVth century in Transoxiana and spent his long reign in far-ranging and immensely destructive campaigns, overrunning Iran, Iraq, Asia Minor and the domain of the Golden Horde in Southern Russia. He sacked Delhi in 1398 and temporarily broke the power of the Ottoman Turks at Ankara in 1402. On his death his large empire in Iran and Transoxiana became divided among his descendants and shrank rapidly over the XVth century amid family quarrels. The last minor prince of the dynasty, Babür, was expelled from Farghana by the Shaibanids, conquerors of Transoxiana, and established himself at Kabul. In 1526, he defeated and killed the Lodi sultan of Delhi, becoming master of northern India and founding the Moghul empire. (Source: R.F. Tapsell, Monarchs, Rulers, Dynasties and Kingdoms of the World, 1983)
Flag: The alleged flag of the Great Timur Empire is blue with three white disks placed 1 + 2 in the middle of the flag. Other reported flag of the Great Timur Empire is white, red and black, colours of peace, blood and death.
Area: At the West, Balkans; At the North, Volga shores; At the South, Indian Ocean; At the East, Central Asia;

The "EMPIRE OF BABUR" - 1526 - 1858 A.D
(Babür İmparatorluğu)

Founder - Babur Shah
Additional information:
Babür descended from the Timurids in Fergana, was expelled from there by the Shaibanids and fled to India, which he conquered. He founded the Moghal (or Moghul) dynasty, which ruled from 1526 to 1857.
Flag: The alleged flag of the Babür Empire is red with a yellow triangle placed all along the fly and pointing to the middle of the hoist.
Area: Afghanistan and India
(Total Area - 2,700,000 Km²)

The "OTTOMAN EMPIRE " - 1299 - 1922 A.D
(Osmanlı İmparatorluğu)

Founder - Osman Bey
Additional information:
The Ottoman Empire preceded the modern Turkish Republic.
Flag: The alleged flag of the Ottoman Empire is red with a white crescent and an eight-pointed star.
Area: Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Arabia, Jordan, Israel, Syria, Iraq, Anatolia, Caucasia, the Crimea, Bessarabia, Romania, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Greece, Cyprus, Hungary, the Sudan,.....and, the Black Sea, the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea were for a time - Turkish Lakes.
(Total Area - 20,000,000 Km²)